Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport — San Andrés, Colombia

San Andrés sits closer to Nicaragua's coastline than to mainland Colombia, a Caribbean island whose sovereignty was disputed by Nicaragua for years before an international court settlement, and its airport carries the name of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, the army general who ruled Colombia through the 1950s. The single runway here sits at just 19 feet above sea level, a typical elevation for this low-lying coral island known for its turquoise waters and status as a duty-free shopping destination for mainland Colombian tourists. San Andrés developed its tourism economy partly around that duty-free status, drawing Colombians who might otherwise travel abroad to shop, alongside a smaller international crowd drawn to Caribbean diving and beaches. The island's population includes a distinct Raizal community with English-Creole roots dating to British and Caribbean settlement patterns that predate Colombian sovereignty over the archipelago. Flight schedules here depend heavily on mainland Colombian carriers, since San Andrés has no land or sea connection practical for regular traveler use. For an island so geographically distant from the country that governs it, ADZ functions as the only realistic way in or out for the vast majority of visitors and residents.